What condition is typically characterized by a "string of pearls" appearance on angiography?

The condition that is typically characterized by a "string of pearls" appearance on angiography is Fibromuscular Dysplasia. This distinctive appearance arises from the alternating stenosis and aneurysm formation in affected vessels, particularly the renal and carotid arteries. On angiographic imaging, the stenotic segments create a series of narrowings that are interspersed with widened areas, resembling a string of pearls.

This pattern is indicative of the structural changes in the arterial wall caused by the abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue, which is characteristic of Fibromuscular Dysplasia. The condition often presents in younger women and can lead to issues such as hypertension due to renal artery involvement or symptoms related to cerebral circulation if carotid involvement occurs. Recognizing the "string of pearls" appearance is an important aspect of diagnosing this condition through imaging.